2012年ACCA考试《P2公司报告》讲义辅导37

2012年ACCA考试《P2公司报告》讲义辅导37
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HEDGING
　　Hedging: is allowed in certain strictly defined circumstances.
　　IAS39 requires hedge accounting where there is a designated hedging relationship between a hedging instrument and a hedged item. It is prohibited otherwise.
　　Hedging: for accounting purposes, means designating one or more hedging instruments so that their change in fair value is an offset, in whole or in part, to the change in fair value or cash flows of a hedged item.
　　A hedged item is an asset, liability, firm commitment, or forecasted future transaction that:
　　（a） Exposes the entity to risk of changes in fair value or changes in future cash flows, and that
　　（b） Is designated as being hedged.
　　A hedging instrument is a designated derivative or （in limited circumstances） another financial asset or liability whose fair value or cash flows are expected to offset changes in the fair value or cash flows of a designated hedged item. （a non-derivative financial asset or liability may be designated as a hedging instrument for hedge accounting purposes only if it hedges the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.）
　　Hedge effectiveness is the degree to which changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to a hedged risk are offset by changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedging instrument.
　　The standard identifies 3 types of hedging relationship.
　　1. Fair value hedge: a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability, or an identified portion of such an asset or liability, that is attributable to a particular risk and could affect profit or loss.
　　2. Cash flow hedge: a hedge of the exposure to variability in cash flows that
　　（a） Is attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability （such as all or some future interest payments on variable rate debt） or a highly probable forecast transaction （such as an anticipated purchase or sale）, and that
　　（b） Could affect profit or loss
　　3. Hedge of a net investm