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ACCAglobal Accountant杂志-2012年十月刊过程成本
RELEVANT TO FOUNDATION LEVEL PAPERS MA1 AND MA© 2012 ACCA Process costing: losses in process Process costing is an important topic in the syllabuses for Papers MA1 and MA2with objective test questions on the topic being part of every exam for each paper.The accounting for incomplete work in a process at the end of a period, whichintroduces the concept of equivalent units and which is part of the Study Guide forPaper MA1, was the subject of a previous article. This article will deal with theaccounting for losses, where an abnormal loss or gain occurs in a process, which isa major part of the Study Guide for the topic of process costing in Paper MA2.(Please note that the incidence of both incomplete work and abnormal loss or gainin a process is not part of the Paper MA2 Study Guide and will not be examined.) Accounting for losses in process In manufacturing processes there may be a loss of material during processing – forexample, due to spoilage, wastage or evaporation. It is necessary, when accountingfor the costs of a process, to distinguish between the normal loss – ie the lossexpected – and the abnormal loss or gain resulting from the process loss beingdifferent to that expected. Rules to remember The following rules, which cover the accounting for process losses, should be learned: • Rule 1: expected output from a manufacturing process is the amount of theinput less the normal loss. • Rule 2: abnormal loss or gain in a process is the actual output less theexpected output. If actual output is less than expected output an abnormal loss occurs. If actual output exceeds expected output an abnormal gainoccurs. • Rule 3: normal loss is not allocated a share of process costs in the processaccount. Total costs are allocated to the expected output (via actual outputand abnormal loss or gain) – ie cost per unit for a period is total cost dividedby expected output. • Rule 4: abnormal loss or gain is allocated a share of process costs in the processaccount. This is necessary so as to clearly identify the cost/benefit and toreconcile the process account. Abnormal loss (a cost) is credited to the process |
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