17. [...]
Editorial note: Deleted by IFRS 5 with effect for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. Earlier application is encouraged. If an entity applies the IFRS for a period beginning before 1 January 2005, it shall disclose that fact. Previously "When a subsidiary previously excluded from consolidation in accordance with paragraph 16 is not disposed of within twelve months, it shall be consolidated as from the date of acquisition (see IAS 22). Financial statements for the periods since acquisition shall be restated.".
18. [...]
Editorial note: Deleted by IFRS 5 with effect for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. Earlier application is encouraged. If an entity applies the IFRS for a period beginning before 1 January 2005, it shall disclose that fact. Previously "Exceptionally, an entity may have found a buyer for a subsidiary excluded from consolidation in accordance with paragraph 16, but may not have completed the sale within twelve months of acquisition because of the need for approval by regulators or others. The entity is not required to consolidate such a subsidiary if the sale is in process at the balance sheet date and there is no reason to believe that it will not be completed shortly after the balance sheet date.".
19. A subsidiary is not excluded from consolidation simply because the investor is a venture capital organisation, mutual fund, unit trust or similar entity.
20. A subsidiary is not excluded from consolidation because its business activities are dissimilar from those of the other entities within the group. Relevant information is provided by consolidating such subsidiaries and disclosing additional information in the consolidated financial statements about the different business activities of subsidiaries. For example, the disclosures required by IAS 14 Segment Reporting help to explain the significance of different business activities within the group.

21. A parent loses control when it loses the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an investee so as to obtain benefit from its activities. The loss of control can occur with or without a change in absolute or relative ownership levels. It could occur, for example, when a subsidiary becomes subject to the control of a government, court, administrator or regulator. It could also occur as a result of a contractual agreement.
Consolidation Procedures
22. In preparing consolidated financial statements, an entity combines the financial statements of the parent and its subsidiaries line by line by adding together like items of assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses. In order that the consolidated financial statements present financial information about the group as that of a single economic entity, the following steps are then taken:
(a) the carrying amount of the parent's investment in each subsidiary and the parent's portion of equity of each subsidiary are eliminated (see IAS 22, which describes the treatment of any resultant goodwill);
(b) minority interests in the profit or loss of consolidated subsidiaries for the reporting period are identified; and
(c) minority interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the parent shareholders' equity in them. Minority interests in the net assets consist of:
(i) the amount of those minority interests at the date of the original combination calculated in accordance with IAS 22; and
(ii) the minority's share of changes in equity since the date of the combination.
23. When potential voting rights exist, the proportions of profit or loss and changes in equity allocated to the parent and minority interests are determined on the basis of present ownership interests and do not reflect the possible exercise or conversion of potential voting rights.

24. Intragroup balances, transactions, income and expenses shall be eliminated in full.
25. Intragroup balances and transactions, including income, expenses and dividends, are eliminated in full. Profits and losses resulting from intragroup transactions that are recognised in assets, such as inventory and fixed assets, are eliminated in full. Intragroup losses may indicate an impairment that requires recognition in the consolidated financial statements. IAS 12 Income Taxes applies to temporary differences that arise from the elimination of profits and losses resulting from intragroup transactions.
26. The financial statements of the parent and its subsidiaries used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements shall be prepared as of the same reporting date. When the reporting dates of the parent and a subsidiary are different, the subsidiary prepares, for consolidation purposes, additional financial statements as of the same date as the financial statements of the parent unless it is impracticable to do so.
27. When, in accordance with paragraph 26, the financial statements of a subsidiary used in the preparation of consolidated financial statements are prepared as of a reporting date different from that of the parent, adjustments shall be made for the effects of significant transactions or events that occur between that date and the date of the parents financial statements. In any case, the difference between the reporting date of the subsidiary and that of the parent shall be no more than three months. The length of the reporting periods and any difference in the reporting dates shall be the same from period to period.
28. Consolidated financial statements shall be prepared using uniform accounting policies for like transactions and other events in similar circumstances.
29. If a member of the group uses accounting policies other than those adopted in the consolidated financial statements for like transactions and events in similar circumstances, appropriate adjustments are made to its financial statements in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

30. The income and expenses of a subsidiary are included in the consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date, as defined in IFRS 3. The income and expenses of a subsidiary are included in the consolidated financial statements until the date on which the parent ceases to control the subsidiary. The difference between the proceeds from the disposal of the subsidiary and its carrying amount as of the date of disposal, including the cumulative amount of any exchange differences that relate to the subsidiary recognised in equity in accordance with IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, is recognised in the consolidated income statement as the gain or loss on the disposal of the subsidiary.
Editorial note: First sentence substituted by IFRS 3 with effect for business combinations for which the agreement date is on or after 31 March 2004, subject to further transitional provisions. Previously "The income and expenses of a subsidiary are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition as defined in IAS 22.".
31. An investment in an entity shall be accounted for in accordance with IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement from the date that it ceases to be a subsidiary, provided that it does not become an associate as defined in IAS 28 or a jointly controlled entity as described in IAS 31.
32. The carrying amount of the investment at the date that the entity ceases to be a subsidiary shall be regarded as the cost on initial measurement of a financial asset in accordance with IAS 39.
33. Minority interests shall be presented in the consolidated balance sheet within equity, separately from the parent shareholders' equity. Minority interests in the profit or loss of the group shall also be separately disclosed.

34. The profit or loss is attributed to the parent shareholders and minority interests. Because both are equity, the amount attributed to minority interests is not income or expense.
35. Losses applicable to the minority in a consolidated subsidiary may exceed the minority interest in the subsidiary's equity. The excess, and any further losses applicable to the minority, are allocated against the majority interest except to the extent that the minority has a binding obligation and is able to make an additional investment to cover the losses. If the subsidiary subsequently reports profits, such profits are allocated to the majority interest until the minority's share of losses previously absorbed by the majority has been recovered.
36. If a subsidiary has outstanding cumulative preference shares that are held by minority interests and classified as equity, the parent computes its share of profits or losses after adjusting for the dividends on such shares, whether or not dividends have been declared.

Accounting for Investments in Subsidiaries, Jointly Controlled Entities and Associates in Separate Financial Statements
37. When separate financial statements are prepared, investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates that are not classified as held for sale (or included in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with IFRS 5 shall be accounted for either:
(a) at cost, or
(b) in accordance with IAS 39.
The same accounting shall be applied for each category of investments. Investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates that are classified as held for sale (or included in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with IFRS 5 shall be accounted for in accordance with that IFRS.
Editorial note: Substituted by IFRS 5 with effect for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. Earlier application is encouraged. If an entity applies the IFRS for a period beginning before 1 January 2005, it shall disclose that fact. Previously "When separate financial statements are prepared, investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates shall be accounted for either: (a) at cost, or (b) in accordance with IAS 39. The same accounting shall be applied for each category of investments.".
38. This Standard does not mandate which entities produce separate financial statements available for public use. Paragraphs 37 and 39-42 apply when an entity prepares separate financial statements that comply with International Financial Reporting Standards. The entity also produces consolidated financial statements available for public use as required by paragraph 9, unless the exemption provided in paragraph 10 is applicable.
39. Investments in jointly controlled entities and associates that are accounted for in accordance with IAS 39 in the consolidated financial statements shall be accounted for in the same way in the investor's separate financial statements.
Editorial note: Substituted by IFRS 5 (as amended by IAS Correction List 9, May 2004) with effect for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. Earlier application is encouraged. If an entity applies the IFRS for a period beginning before 1 January 2005, it shall disclose that fact. Previously "Investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates that are accounted for in accordance with IAS 39 in the consolidated financial statements shall be accounted for in the same way in the investor's separate financial statements. ".

Disclosure
40. The following disclosures shall be made in consolidated financial statements:
(a) [...]
(b) [...]
(c) the nature of the relationship between the parent and a subsidiary when the parent does not own, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, more than half of the voting power;
(d) the reasons why the ownership, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, of more than half of the voting or potential voting power of an investee does not constitute control;
(e) the reporting date of the financial statements of a subsidiary when such financial statements are used to prepare consolidated financial statements and are as of a reporting date or for a period that is different from that of the parent, and the reason for using a different reporting date or period; and
(f) the nature and extent of any significant restrictions (eg resulting from borrowing arrangements or regulatory requirements) on the ability of subsidiaries to transfer funds to the parent in the form of cash dividends or to repay loans or advances.
Editorial note: Sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) deleted by IFRS 5 (as amended by IASB Corrections List 9, May 2004) with effect for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. Earlier application is encouraged. If an entity applies the IFRS for a period beginning before 1 January 2005, it shall disclose that fact. Previously "(a) the fact that a subsidiary is not consolidated in accordance with paragraph 16; (b) summarised financial information of subsidiaries, either individually or in groups, that are not consolidated, including the amounts of total assets, total liabilities, revenues and profit or loss;".
41. When separate financial statements are prepared for a parent that, in accordance with paragraph 10, elects not to prepare consolidated financial statements, those separate financial statements shall disclose:
(a) the fact that the financial statements are separate financial statements; that the exemption from consolidation has been used; the name and country of incorporation or residence of the entity whose consolidated financial statements that comply with International Financial Reporting Standards have been produced for public use; and the address where those consolidated financial statements are obtainable;
(b) a list of significant investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates, including the name, country of incorporation or residence, proportion of ownership interest and, if different, proportion of voting power held; and
(c) a description of the method used to account for the investments listed under (b).

42. When a parent (other than a parent covered by paragraph 41), venturer with an interest in a jointly controlled entity or an investor in an associate prepares separate financial statements, those separate financial statements shall disclose:
(a) the fact that the statements are separate financial statements and the reasons why those statements are prepared if not required by law;
(b) a list of significant investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates, including the name, country of incorporation or residence, proportion of ownership interest and, if different, proportion of voting power held; and
(c) a description of the method used to account for the investments listed under (b);
and shall identify the financial statements prepared in accordance with paragraph 9 of this Standard, IAS 28 and IAS 31 to which they relate.
Effective Date
43. An entity shall apply this Standard for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. Earlier application is encouraged. If an entity applies this Standard for a period beginning before 1 January 2005, it shall disclose that fact.
Withdrawal of Other Pronouncements

44. This Standard supersedes IAS 27 Consolidated Financial Statements and Accounting for Investments in Subsidiaries (revised in 2000).
45. This Standard supersedes SIC-33 Consolidation and Equity Method- Potential Voting Rights and Allocation of Ownership Interests.

Appendix: Amendments to Other Pronouncements
The amendments in this appendix shall be applied for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. If an entity applies this Standard for an earlier period, these amendments shall be applied for that earlier period.
A1. In IAS 22 Business Combinations paragraph 1 is amended to read as follows:
1. The following terms are used in this Standard with the meanings specified:
…
A subsidiary is an entity, including an unincorporated entity such as a partnership, that is controlled by another entity (known as the parent).
Minority interest is that portion of the profit or loss and net assets of a subsidiary attributable to equity interests that are not owned, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, by the parent.
A2. SIC-9 Business Combinations-Classification either as Acquisitions or Unitings of Interestsis amended as described below.
The SIC's Basis for Conclusions should be read as follows:
BASIS FOR CONCLUSIONS
[The original text has been marked up to reflect the revision of IAS 27 in 2003: new text is underlined and deleted text is struck through.]
8. Following the definitions in IAS 22.08, the decisive and overriding criterion for classifying a business combination is whether an acquirer can be identified. IAS 22.08 defines an acquirer as an entity enterprise that obtains control over the net assets and operations of another entity enterprise. IAS 22.08 and IAS 27.0406 define control as the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity enterprise so as to obtain benefits from its activities; control under the broad definition of these Standards can arise in many different ways. An acquirer cannot be identified when, in substance, the shareholders of one of the combining entities do not obtain control over the combined entity (IAS 22.13).
A3. SIC-12 Consolidation-Special Purpose Entities is amended as described below.
The reference is amended to read as follows:
Reference: IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements
Paragraphs 9, 10 and 11 are amended to read as follows:
9. In the context of an SPE, control may arise through the predetermination of the activities of the SPE (operating on "autopilot") or otherwise. IAS 27.13 indicates several circumstances which result in control even in cases where an entity owns one half or less of the voting power of another entity. Similarly, control may exist even in cases where an entity owns little or none of the SPE's equity. The application of the control concept requires, in each case, judgement in the context of all relevant factors.